HOPS
The Essence of Beer
Introduction & History












 

 

 

HOPS 2005
BY JERROLD F. HILTON
(con't )

Aroma

Liberty is another triploid cross of the Hallertauer Mittelfrüher, with characteristics similar to those of Mt. Hood.

It was released at almost the same time. Initially the rapid growth in popularity of the Mt. Hood relegated Liberty to a secondary position. However it has become increasingly popular for some ales and lagers, and there are those brewers who feel it is closer to its parent than is Mt. Hood. Alpha acid runs from 3.5 to 5.5%. Though substantially similar to Mt. Hood, it does differ in that it does not have farnesene in the essential oils.

Ultra is the latest of the Hallertau triploids, having been released for commercial growth in 1995.Ultra results from a cross by Dr. Alfred Haunold at Corvallis of a tetraploid Hallertau Mittelfrüher and a Saazer derived male. Thus it is claimed that Ultra combines quality traits from two of the choicest European aroma hops. Ultra is a half sister of Mt. Hood, Liberty and Crystal. Its genetic composition is 4/6ths Hallertau Mittelfrüher, 1/6 Saazer and 1/6th unknown.
Ultra has shown superior yield potential in Oregon and Idaho, about 2000 lb. per acre, but not in Yakima. Alpha acids in commercial plots has varied widely, from 2.2 to 4.1%. While the alpha and beta acids content under commercial conditions is somewhat lower than that of Ultra's European ancestors the content of essential oils is higher. Storage stability of dried cones of Ultra under ambient temperature is better than that of Hallertau Mittelfrüh or Saazer. Ultra is moderately resistant to hop downy mildew, and no Verticillium wilt symptoms have been observed. Storageability is fair to poor. It has had very limited commercial success, in part due to its low alpha and low aroma.

Crystal is a cultivar released for commercial planting late in 1993. It was developed by the experimental stations in Oregon and Idaho, and is claimed to have excellent vigor, high yield potential, and brewing traits similar to European aroma hops.
Crystal is a naturally seedless female triploid, a half-sister of Mt. Hood and Liberty. Genetically it is 2/3 Hallertau Mittelfrüher, 1/6 Cascade, plus Brewers Gold, Early Green and others. Crystal's alpha acids averaged 6% in nursery tests, but only 3.0 to 3.6% in commercial test plots. Pellets from the recent crops have had alphas of 3.6 to 3.8% Crystal has relatively poor storage stability of its soft resins, again in common with other members of the Hallertau family.
Crystal's aroma, while very similar to its Hallertau sisters, has a slight spicy character, no doubt derived from its Cascade component, that makes it a most interesting hop. Many micro and pub breweries like this hop. However is has not been adopted by any large brewery, therefor acreage devoted to this hop is declining.


 


 

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